⚡ Mitochondrial Support
5 peptides in this category
Elamipretide
Elamipretide is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide developed to support mitochondrial health and energy production. It binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, preserving mitochondrial structure and reducing oxidative stress. Elamipretide has shown benefit in patients with primary mitochondrial myopathies, cardiovascular disease, and other conditions associated with impaired energy metabolism. It is commonly used in protocols that involve SS-31 or serve as follow-up to NAD+ and MOTS-c-based mitochondrial repair stacks.
FDA-approved dose (Stegazo): 40 mg SQ once daily for patients ≥40 kg. For Barth syndrome, clinical trials used 40 mg/day subcutaneously for 12-week cycles.
Humanin
Humanin is a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) with potent cytoprotective and neuroprotective functions. It interacts with IGFBP-3 and activates AMPK, PI3K/Akt, STAT3, and FOXO pathways to enhance mitochondrial metabolism, reduce apoptosis, and combat oxidative stress. Humanin shows promise in aging-related conditions, including Alzheimer's, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic dysfunction. It is used in longevity protocols to support brain function, mitochondrial stability, and glucose regulation in both in vitro and rodent models.
Standard dose: 1 mg SubQ daily for 4–6 weeks.
NAD+
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a vital coenzyme involved in redox reactions, DNA repair, and energy metabolism. NAD+ precursors and NAD+ IV/IM formulations are studied for their effects on aging, mitochondrial health, and cellular stress.
Standard dose: 500 mg Oral daily; 500 mg IV once weekly; 50 mg SubQ 1–3x weekly
MOTS-c
MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide with potential therapeutic applications in metabolic and age-related diseases. It is involved in metabolic regulation, showing promise in conditions like insulin resistance and obesity. It has been evaluated in rodent models and cell culture for potential applications in aging and metabolic disorders.
Standard dose: 10 mg subcutaneous injection, 3 times per week.
SS-31
SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide that is being investigated for its potential in treating diseases linked to mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing oxidative damage. It has been evaluated in animal models and clinical trials for mitochondrial myopathy and metabolic dysfunction.
SQ (FDA-approved as Stegazo): 40 mg once daily for Barth syndrome (patients ≥40 kg). IV (research): 0.05–0.25 mg/kg single infusion in reperfusion injury studies. SQ microdosing: 0.1–1 mg daily reported in off-label longevity protocols.