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Thymosin Alpha-1
Immune ModulationThymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a synthetic peptide that enhances the immune system's ability to defend against infections, tumors, and chronic inflammation. It is widely studied for its immunomodulatory effects in cancer therapy, hepatitis, HIV, and other conditions involving immune suppression. Though not FDA-approved in the U.S., it is approved in several countries for adjuvant use in immunocompromised patients.
Reconstitute
3 mL BAC + 10mg vial
33 mcg/unit
Daily Range
0.8–3.2 mg Subcutaneous (SQ)
2-3 times per week
Standard Dose
1.6 mg
Cycle
4–8 weeks
then reassess
immunostimulatoryToll-like receptorimmune modulationchronic infectionThymosin Alpha-1
Dosing & Reconstitution Guide
Clinical use abroad typically involves 1.6 mg injected subcutaneously 1–2 times weekly. These regimens are not approved in the U.S.
Standard / Gradual Approach
5mg VialstandardPhaseDoseVolume
Week 1300 mcg (0.3 mg)18 units (0.18 mL)
Weeks 2–8500 mcg (0.5 mg)30 units (0.30 mL)
Standard / Gradual Approach
10mg VialstandardPhaseDoseVolume
Week 1300 mcg (0.3 mg)9 units (0.09 mL)
Weeks 2–8500 mcg (0.5 mg)15 units (0.15 mL)
Protocol Summary
Subcutaneous (SQ): 2-3 times per week · Dose range 0.8–3.2 mg with gradual titration
Cycle Length: 4–8 weeks typical; reassess before extending
Frequency & Cycling
SubQ Injection
Administer 1.6 mg SubQ injection 2–3 times weekly. Standard cycle: 6–12 weeks. Maintenance protocols vary by condition; periodic reassessment of immune markers recommended.
🧪 Quick Start
Vial Size
10 mg
BAC Water
3 mL
Concentration
3300 mcg/unit
Starting Dose
300 mcg (0.3 mg) (9 units (0.09 mL))
Maintenance Dose
500 mcg (0.5 mg) (15 units (0.15 mL))
Potential Benefits & Use Cases
Thymosin Alpha-1 is not FDA-approved. The information reflects published research and region-specific clinical use.
Enhances T-cell function and overall immune competence (human trial)
Reduces sepsis mortality by ~9% in clinical studies (human trial)
Improves vaccine response in elderly populations (human trial)
FDA orphan drug approval for melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and lung cancer (FDA-approved)
Approved for chronic active hepatitis B treatment (human trial)
Excellent safety profile — doses up to 16 mg SC over 12 months with no significant toxicity (human trial)
Clinical data Strong preclinical Limited data
Mechanism of Action
→Activates toll-like receptors TLR3/4/9 on dendritic cells and monocytes
→Promotes T cell maturation and cytokine signaling via TLR2/NF-κB and TLR7/MyD88 pathways
→Enhances activity of natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Stacking Synergies
+
Dihexa
Combining with Dihexa may enhance cognitive properties
+
AOD-9604
Stacking with AOD-9604 may enhance metabolic support
Lifestyle & Optimization
diet
Nutrient-dense diet (vitamins C, D, zinc). Avoid excessive alcohol and smoking.
sleep
Adequate sleep and stress management for immune function.
timing
2x weekly SubQ injection.
exercise
Moderate physical activity.
Peptide Research & Preclinical Studies
Evidence-Based Research Findings
Study TitleType
Side Effects & Safety
Common Side Effects
• Mild fever, muscle aches, fatigue, chills
Contraindications & Warnings
• When combined with interferon: rare neutropenia, joint pain, rash
• ALT flares in chronic hepatitis B; TSH abnormalities in chronic hepatitis C
🧮 Dose Calculator
Concentration
33.3
mcg/unit
Draw Volume
15
units (0.150 mL)
For a 500 mcg dose, draw 15 units on a U-100 insulin syringe
🧬
Bioavailability & Absorption
SubQ Injection
High bioavailability due to direct lymphatic absorption into systemic immune compartments
Oral Administration
Poor absorption due to gastrointestinal degradation
Half-Life
Approx. 2 hours; biological activity may persist longer through immune cell stimulation
Degradation
Primarily degraded by proteolytic enzymes in the liver and kidney
Tissue Specificity
Acts on immune cells—T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, NK cells
⚗️
Peptide Details
Molecular Weight
3108.32
Formula
C129H215N33O55
Sequence
Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Ser-Glu-Ile-Ile-Cys-Cys-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Glu.THR-VAL-HIS
⚖️
Legal Status & Regulatory
RegionStatus
EUApproved
FDANot Approved
CanadaNot Approved
AustraliaNot Approved
Storage Instructions
Lyophilized (Powder)
refrigerate at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F) or freeze at −20 °C (−4 °F); after reconstitution, refrigerate and use within 7 days
Reconstituted (Mixed)
Refrigerate at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F); use within 7 days when using bacteriostatic water; avoid freeze–thaw