Skin aging / hair loss

GHK-Cu stimulates dermal collagen and elastin synthesis and follicular activity; controlled studies on aged skin report improved firmness, elasticity, and reduced wrinkles.

Acetyl octapeptide-3 (SNAP-8) is a cosmetic anti-wrinkle peptide; a 12-week clinical trial of a microneedle patch containing it showed measurable wrinkle reduction, though effects cannot be attributed to SNAP-8 alone in the multi-peptide formulation.

Thymosin Beta-4 promotes hair-follicle regeneration, angiogenesis and skin wound repair in preclinical models, but human data for hair loss or skin aging are lacking.

Oral spironolactone improves female pattern hair loss via antiandrogenic action, with about 56% of patients improving in pooled data and added benefit when combined with minoxidil.

Estrogen signaling supports dermal collagen, hydration and elasticity; a controlled trial of a topical soft-estrogen (methyl estradiolpropanoate) improved dryness, laxity and atrophy in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal skin.