Elamipretide

Elamipretide is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide developed to support mitochondrial health and energy production. It binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, preserving mitochondrial structure and reducing oxidative stress. Elamipretide has shown benefit in patients with primary mitochondrial myopathies, cardiovascular disease, and other conditions associated with impaired energy metabolism. It is commonly used in protocols that involve SS-31 or serve as follow-up to NAD+ and MOTS-c-based mitochondrial repair stacks.

• Selectively targets mitochondria, stabilizing cardiolipin to enhance electron transport chain efficiency
• Reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreasing oxidative damage and cellular apoptosis
• Improves ATP production, supporting muscle function, cognition, and organ health

• unit: mg

  low dose: 20

  frequency: Once daily

  high dose: 40

  standard dose: 40

  administration route: Subcutaneous (SQ)

• Administered daily for 4–6 weeks depending on use case. May be extended up to 12 weeks in chronic mitochondrial dysfunction protocols. Used with or after NAD+ and SS-31 in mitochondrial support stacks. Cycle breaks of 4 weeks are commonly used.

common: ["Mild nausea","Transient fatigue","Localized injection discomfort"]

warnings: ["Not recommended for individuals with uncontrolled metabolic disorders without supervision","Long-term safety studies are still ongoing; periodic monitoring is advised"]

long term: ["Limited human trials available, but early results suggest a favorable safety profile"]

sequence: D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2

half life: 4-6 hours

degradation: Predominantly metabolized by renal pathways.

molecular weight: 751

molecular formula: C41H72N14O8S2

tissue specificity: Targets mitochondrial tissues, especially muscle and heart.

• Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential.reviewPMID 39940712 ↗
• Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: MMPOWER-3 RCT.clinicalPMID 37268435 ↗
• Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction and memory impairment in mice.mechanismPMID 31747905 ↗