LL-37

LL-37 is a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide in the cathelicidin family, integral to innate immune defense. It exerts antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and wound-healing effects through membrane disruption, immune activation, and epithelial regeneration. Its applications span infectious disease, chronic wounds, and immune regulation.

• Disrupts microbial membranes via pore formation
• Neutralizes endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
• Activates chemokine and cytokine signaling for immune cell recruitment
• Regulates toll-like receptor signaling pathways in epithelial and immune cells

• unit: mg

  low dose: 0.5

  frequency: Applied once or twice daily depending on site and indication

  high dose: 2

  standard dose: 1

  administration route: Topical

• unit: mcg

  low dose: 100

  frequency: Daily or every other day depending on inflammatory severity

  high dose: 400

  standard dose: 200

  administration route: Subcutaneous (SQ)

• 200–400 mcg daily or every other day for 4–6 weeks. Repeat cycles as needed with immune monitoring.
• Apply to affected area once or twice daily. Safe for use in infected wounds, burns, or epithelial inflammation.

sequence: LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES

half life: Short systemic half-life; effects are mostly local and transient

degradation: Metabolized by tissue proteases and immune-related enzymes

molecular weight: 4493.3

molecular formula: C62H114N18O19

tissue specificity: Active in skin, lungs, oral cavity, GI tract, and mucosal surfaces

• LL-37: Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide with pleiotropic activity.reviewPMID 27117377 ↗
• Cathelicidin peptide LL-37: A multifunctional peptide involved in heart disease.reviewPMID 39615616 ↗